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Gamsol is an odourless mineral spirit created by the American company Gamblin. They describe it as "the safest solvent that allows oil painters to utilize all traditional painting techniques without compromise."

Please see below for Gamsol's primary applications.

Canada Balsam is an oleoresin, meaning that it is a mixture of essential oils and resin. It comes from the fir tree Abies balsamea, native to Canada and the eastern states of North America. It is notable for its pale colour, clarity and gloss, making it a useful ingredient in recipes for oil-painting mediums.

Venice Trupentine is a thick, resinous liquid extracted from the Larix decidua, a larch tree native to Austria. It can impart luminosity, brilliance and gloss when used in mediums and varnishes, and as such it was highly valued during the Golden Age of painting in Venice. It is a slow-drying balsam, which can be diluted with turpentine or placed in a bath of warm water to aid flow.

Copaiba Balsam comes from the South American tree Copaifera landsdorfii. Its primary function is to improve the appearance of paint layers that may have become dull, brittle or sunken upon drying. It is a viscous liquid that may be diluted with turpentine, but which should not be used in painting mediums.